Environment and Feminism - Ecofeminist Theory and Sustainable Developme

Ecofeminist Theory and Sustainable Development Individuals must have the option to cooperate in the event that they are to understand the mutual fate and to safeguard a livable situation for a long time into the future. Albert Bandura, 1995 Bandura's words encapsulate the soul of ecological training and its difficulties of network collaboration, trans-generational correspondence and maintainable turn of events. The accomplishment of these difficulties relies upon the capacity to give information about the earth to people in the future with the goal for them to more readily see how to keep up a manageable relationship with nature. In this time of globalization and neo-leftist strategies, keeping up a practical relationship with the earth should be analyzed from a biological viewpoint, yet in addition from political and social points. Since natural issues are frequently associated with social and political concerns, a hypothetical system that incorporates a more extensive belief system may encourage a comprehension of the interconnectedness of environmental issues. Profound biology, institutional environmentalism, green political hypothesis, and perhaps different ways of thinking fashion associations between ecological, p olitical and social concerns. Ecofeminism rises as an elective hypothesis for surrounding the issues and replies of maintainable turn of events. An ecofeminist point of view all the more completely portrays the associations between natural corruption and the social imbalances that plague the neediness stricken survivors of contamination, urbanization, deforestation, and other side-effects of over-improvement. At last, it is imperative to remember ecofeminist hypothesis for a conversation of economical turn of events, in light of the fact that in a male centric culture, inability to perceive the int... ...w. Milbrath, Lester. (1989). Imagining a Sustainable Society. Learning Our Way Out. Albany: SUNY Press. Pomeroy, Robert S. (1987). The Role of Women and Children in Small Scale Fishing Households: A Case Study in Matalom, Leyte, Philippines. Philippine Quarterly of Culture and Society. v.15, 1987, pp.353-360. Salleh, Ariel K. (1988). Epistemology and the Metaphors of Production: An Ecofeminist Reading of Critical hypothesis. Studies in the Humanities. 5(2), pp. 130-39. UN Chronicle. (1995). Enabling Women: More Education, Better Health Care, Less Poverty. United Nations Chronicle. v.32 (June '95) p.46-47. New York: United Nations Department of Public Information. Warren, Karen. (1996). Environmental Feminist Philosophies: An Overview of the Issues. In Karen Warren (Ed.), Ecological Feminist Philosophies. Bloomington, ID: Indiana University Press.

Marketing Plan Starbucks Coffee Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Promoting Plan Starbucks Coffee - Essay Example Starbucks Coffee made a modest start in the year 1971 when it started selling bean and prepared espresso in a little store in Seattle USA. Throughout the years the organization has built up itself as one of the main espresso stores of the world serving in excess of a million clients however a committed nearness in more than 50 countries spread across 17000 urban areas over the globe. The organization is directly recorded as an open firm and its stocks are by and large effectively exchanged on the bourses of NASDAQ stock trade in USA. The brand arrangement of the firm incorporates â€Å"Starbucks Coffee, Seattle’s Best Coffee, Tazo Tea, and Torrefazione Italia Coffee†. The principle point of the firm to give the best espresso to the clients utilizing the best crude materials sourced morally and prepared at the firm’s own handling unit. The global development techniques incorporate organizations just as permitting. The accomplishment of the firm could be broke down from the way that it works effectively in countries having assorted culture and conventions keeping up a very top notch standard. Notwithstanding the enormous business nearness the organization keeps up high moral principles which is uncovered from the way that it has been evaluated as one of the most moral organizations of the world for the fourth successive time by the Ethisphere magazine. (Starbucks-a, 2011). Market Analysis Internal Environment The examination of inside condition should be possible by recognizing the qualities, shortcoming, openings and dangers looked by an association. SWOT examination is a valuable instrument that can help in breaking down the inside conditio n of an association. Qualities The greatest quality of Starbucks Corporation lies in its solid image picture which has made a solid situating of the firm in the psyches of the client. Nearness in enormous

Bad Debt vs Good Debt Whats the Difference

Bad Debt vs Good Debt What’s the Difference Bad Debt vs Good Debt: What’s the Difference? Bad Debt vs Good Debt: What’s the Difference?One helps you increase your net worth, the other means you’re spending beyond your means.If somebody told you that they had taken out $30,000 to get a nursing degree, you probably wouldn’t be too  shocked, right? Sure, $30,000 is a lot of money, but that education will almost certainly be worth it in the long run.But on the flip side, if a person told you that they were $30,000 in credit card debt, you would probably spit out your drink. $30,000 in credit card debt sounds pretty bad, right?Well, hold on a second… Why is $30,000 of credit card debt so much worse than $30,000 of student debt? In either case, you have to pay back $30,000! Aren’t they both equally bad?No. They most certainly are not.And that’s because one of them is considered “good” debt, while the other is considered “bad debt. Let us explain.What is Good Debt?When it comes to good debt versus bad debt, it really comes down to what kind of purchase that deb t is being used to finance.“Good debt is debt that creates some sort of positive return,” says Brad Botes, a bankruptcy attorney, and founder and president of Bond Botes, PC (@bondandbotes). “Debt that reflects an investment such as real estate or home mortgage debt is usually good.”Natasha Rachel Smith, personal finance expert at TopCashBack.com (@TopCashBackUSA) says, “It is perfectly OK to accrue debt when it is manageable and the asset purchased will grow in value each year.”When you buy a house, you are doing so with the expectation that the value of that house will increase over time. When you eventually sell the house, you can sell it for more than you paid for it originally.“Borrowing money with the best interest rate, such as a well-structured student loan or a mortgage are considered good debt. An investment into something that has the potential to grow in value or can generate long-term income is good debt,” says Smith.“The best way to understand the di fference is by asking yourself one simple question, ‘Can you write it off on your taxes?’, if the answer is ‘yes’ then your debt is good debt.”Likewise, taking out loans to pay for college is seen as good debt, because you are (hopefully) increasing your future earning potential. Because your debt is helping you work towards a brighter financial future, it counts as good debt.That’s why, in our earlier example, that $30,000 in student debt doesn’t leave you fearing for your friend’s financial future.Of course, taking out $100,000 in student loans to get a degree in Comparative Snapchat Studies is a different storyWhat is Bad Debt?If good debt is debt that’s used to increase your ultimate net worth over time, then bad debt is debt that, well, does the opposite.According to Smith, “Bad debt results when you purchase things that quickly lose their value or do not generate income. Frivolous spending and credit cards with high-interest rates are bad debt.”Financial expert Harrine Freeman (@harrine), CEO and owner of H.E. Freeman Enterprises, says, “Bad debt has no value and is a liability. Bad debt is usually something you cant afford to purchase with cash so you apply for a loan or credit card to pay for it.”Bad debt includes all consumer debt, such as credit cards and personal loans. That’s why hearing that a friend has $30,000 in credit card debt would make you fear for their financial well-being.Bad debt also generally includes auto debt, as cars do not appreciate in value over time like houses do. As the old saying goes, a car starts losing value the second its driven off the lot.So does that mean that you shouldn’t buy a car? Well, we wouldnt say thatAccording to Gerri Detweiler (@gerridetweiler), head of market education for Nav.com, “Sometimes the line between [good and bad debt] can be blurry. A car loses value the moment you drive it off the lot, but perhaps you need it to get to school or work. Is that bad debt or good deb t?”In the end, “bad” debt can still be an effective tool, especially if you’re using a safe and responsible loan in place of a predatory payday or title loan. It’s all about making sure that you’re using debt responsibly and not spending wildly beyond your means.Smith advises that you “Do not buy things you simply want. Focus on the things you need alongside sometimes treating yourself to the items you want.”Lastly, there’s another way that the term “bad debt” is used that’s a little bit different…Richard Gertler is an attorney and partner at Gertler Law Group, LLC (@gertlerlawgroup). He says, “A bad debt is when the debtor is not paying in a timely manner. A good debt is when the debtor is paying in accordance with the debt payment terms.”“Lenders must consider the risk of not being repaid in determining whether or not to loan money,” says Gertler. “The risk is also considered by the lender in setting the interest rate. The person who shows a pat tern of not timely repaying their debts stands to have higher interest rates or perhaps will be denied the loan.”In this case, it doesn’t matter what kind of debt you have. If you’re not making your payments, that debt is going to become a problem! In addition to the threat of late fees and debt collection agencies, failing to pay your bills can have a very negative impact on your credit. Payment history makes up 35 percent of your scoremore than any other factor!Do good debt and bad debt affect your credit score differently?Having too much debt on your credit report will always have a negative effect on your credit score, but that doesn’t mean that good debt and bad debt affect your score equally.Freeman says, “Yes, these types of debt affect a person’s credit differently Secured debt such as a mortgage or a secured credit card and unsecured debt such as a traditional credit card impact your credit scores the most. Revolving debt such as a credit card impact your credit score next. Installment debt such as student loans impact your credit scores the least.”According to Freeman, “There is no set amount of bad debt that a person needs to have before their creditworthiness is affected because creditworthiness is determined by mathematical calculations and is different for each borrower.”She says that borrowers with a large amount of bad debt are “viewed as a high risk and may have to pay upfront and/or hidden fees, a down payment, a higher interest rate or a balloon payment.”However, as we mentioned earlier, there are many other factors that can lead to debt affecting your creditwhether that debt is good or bad.“Credit scores may take into account different types of debt,” says Detweiler. “For example, a mortgage may have a somewhat different impact than a credit card. But overall credit scores are non-judgmental about the type of debt. They are looking primarily at factors like payment history and debt usage.”Freeman lays out the d ifferent situations where debt can negatively affect your creditworthiness:If your debt-to-income ratio is above 36 percentIf your credit card balance is above 20 percent of the credit card limitIf you made a late payment within the past 6-12 monthsIf your credit card utilization is above 20 percentAccording to Botes, “There is no definite answer to this question but it is fair to say that prospective creditors will look to your debt to income ratio. The higher your debt balance and resulting monthly payments, the lower your creditworthiness.”Your debt-to-income ratio doesn’t measure the amount of debt you have; it measures how much you pay towards that debt each month. If you are putting greater than 36 percent of your monthly income towards debt repayment, that will negatively affect your score.When it comes to your credit score, good debt is better than bad debtespecially if your bad debt is mostly on credit cards. But if you’re really concerned about improving your score , reducing the amount of debt you owe overall is the best way to go.To learn more about debt repayment strategies, check out our blog posts on the Debt Snowball and Debt Avalanche techniques!Visit OppLoans on YouTube | Facebook | Twitter | LinkedINContributorsBrad Botes (@bondandbotes) is the founder and president of each of the Bond Botes, PC law firms, which are located in Alabama, Mississippi and Tennessee, managing the team of lawyers since its inception in 1989. He was recently named a Birmingham “Top Lawyer for 2016.”Gerri Detweiler (@gerridetweiler)A credit expert for more than 20 years, Gerri Detweiler has built up a trove of credit resources, from podcasts to articles to books (two of which you can get for free right now). A friend of the OppLoans Financial Sense Blog, Gerri keeps her Twitter account full of all the financial tips and news you need.Harrine Freeman  (@harrine) is a financial expert, speaker, counselor, writer, CEO and owner of H.E. Freeman Enterprises, a financial services company that provides personal finance consulting services such as credit repair, debt reduction, budgeting, saving, planning for retirement and financial literacy education. Harrine is also the best-selling author of “How to Get out of Debt: Get An “A” Credit Rating for Free.” She has made over 150 media appearances as a featured financial expert.Richard Gertler  (@gertlerlawgroup) is a Partner at  The Gertler Law Group, LLC  in Long Island.  Richard is  experienced in helping individuals and businesses with their bankruptcy or business needs.  Richard Gertler has been helping the people on Long Island for over 20 years and is dedicated to giving people the best service possible.Natasha Rachel Smith  (@topcashbackusa) is a personal finance expert at TopCashback.com. Natasha’s background is in retail, banking, personal finance and consumer empowerment; ranging from sales to journalism, marketing, public relations and spokesperson work during a 17-year career period. She’s originally from London, UK, but moved to Montclair, New Jersey, USA, several years ago to launch and run the American arm of the British-owned TopCashback brand; a global consumer empowerment and money-saving portal company.

Islamic Banking In United Arabs Emirates Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1092 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Islamic banking has existed for more than three decades ago. The institution has expanded to become distinct and fast growing segment of capital markets and international banking (Hassan Lewis, 2007). More than 200 Islamic banks are on operation in over 70 countries with a majority in Muslim states and others in western countries (Hassan and Lewis, 2007, p.1). Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Islamic Banking In United Arabs Emirates Finance Essay" essay for you Create order A majority takes interest in Islamic banking based on its contrasting features to conventional banking. In its broadest sense, Islamic or shariah compliant banking refers to the provision and use of financial products and services in line with the Islamic religious practices and laws (Cihak Hesse, 2008, p.4). Islamic finance By and large, an Islamic banking and financial system is meant to provide a variety of religiously accepted financial services to Muslims. The institutions are solely dedicated to contribute richly to the socio-economic goals set by Islam. This includes an economic well being and socio economic justice coupled with equitable distribution of wealth and income (Hassan Lewis, 2007, p. 2). As such, financial systems play a vital role in mobilization and investment of savings for economic growth and stability as far as monetary valuation goes. Contrary to convention banking, Islamic banking prioritizes and adds a religious dimension into its systems. That is, the opportunity to carry out religious legitimate financial operations has more weight than the mode of financial operation itself (Hassan Lewis, 2007). Islamic banking in UAE Financial systems based in Islamic tenets serve as to eliminate payment and receipt interests in all forms. Most banks in UAE mainstream teachings from the Holy Quran, in which, they derive their raison dtre from the fact that Islamic order has no place for institution of interest. Rejection of interest by Islam sets it apart from the conventional banking such that unique functional mechanisms and frameworks are put in place to ensure effective operation. In place of transaction interests as is the case in convention banking, Islamic banking makes use of PLS. Also known as the profit-and-loss sharing, the mechanism is one of the institutions characteristics in resource allocation (Hassan Lewis, 2007). A large number of transactions feature in Islamic banks but certain types are grouped or termed as central. For instance, mark-up methods, equity participation (musharaka) and trustee finance (mudaraba). The business partnership technique employed the mudaraba; a principle that was coi ned by Prophet Muhammad when acting as an agent to his wife (Hassan Lewis, 2007, p. 3). UAE Banks with Islamic banking There are almost fifty banks in the United Arab Emirates, placing it second in terms of banking volume in the Gulf Cooperation Council after Bahrain (Oxford Business Group, 2007, p. 61). Of this, almost half are foreign based while the rest transact financial services on domestic basis. A case in point is the Al Hilal Bank established by the Abu Dhabi after its license issuance in 2007 (Oxford Business Group, 2007, p. 61). Statistics from the UAE Central Bank shows some of the top performing banks in 2005: the National Bank of Abu Dhabi (NBAD), Emirates Bank International (EBI), Abu Dhabi Commercial Bank, and the National Bank of Dubai among others. However, the top ten banks in UAE control almost half of the total assets, deposits and total loans (Oxford Business Group, 2007). A comprehensive list of national banks is accessible in the Abu Dhabi Securities Markets. ADIB principles and models Islamic banking revolves around countless yet well established concepts. While some are based on the Islamic canons, others operate within the framework of the religion; based on Quran and Sunna (ADIB, n.d., par. 1). This means that all transactions, regardless of the level and nature of business, are subject to halal activities. Most of these principles are meant to ensure ethics and integrity is held while at the same time, operating within the religious boundaries. Activities such as gambling, hoarding, liquor usage and usury based lending are strictly avoided. As mentioned, interest or Reba is forbidden rendering all transactions subject to profit and loss sharing. Rather than earn interests, depositors are guaranteed a share of the banks profit (ADIB, n.d., par. 2). Another of its principles is based on the profit sharing partnership between parties involved in a transaction (ADIB, n.d., par. 2). Returns on investment accounts and savings are heavily dependent on profits from halal transactions and the banks performance. Parallel to common belief, profits are not guaranteed and are therefore subject to a certain measure of risk (ADIB, n.d., par 4). Additionally, these profits are managed by practitioners who ensure higher yields as compared to conventional alternatives. Current accounts are exempted from earning income as they are considered qard from bank depositors. This is so as they can be drawn on demand by clients without notice (ADIB, n.d., par 5). Finally, transactions deemed as Gharar are forbidden as it denotes varying degrees of deception pertaining quality and price of commodities received by party at the expense of others. Conventional banking systems allow trading and derivatives while Islamic banking is keen on prohibition of ghar ar. As such, ADIB consider derivatives to contain elements of gharar and are therefore not permitted. Products and/or services The Abu Dhabi Islamic banking provides a number of banking products to its esteemed customers. Among these include personal banking that ensemble other multiple products like savings, current, childrens and electron accounts. In addition, ADIB provides financing solutions and takaful products that act as insurance or cover policies to clients. The business banking sector specializes in a variety of banking programs related tied to its field. For instance, business accounts management, transactional services, 24 hour customer support among others. Another of the institutions services is the specialized whole banking that incorporates government and public sector, corporate banking, community banking and global transaction services. Corporate banking Wholesale banking provides a numbers of banking services to large cooperation, non profit communities, the government and the general public. More specifically, corporate banking offers a wide range of Shariah compliant Islamic banking solutions. This includes, but not limited to Istisnaa, Ijara, Murabaha and Islamic covered drawings (ADIB, n.d.). The corporate banking client profile is segmented into public and government sector entities, financial firms and a diversified private base of trading (ADIB, n.d.). To ensure origination of risks in specified segments, the bank makes use of specific screening criteria in line with prudent guidelines set as per the brand. The whole essence of corporate banking is to build a transparent and value added bond between the banks and its clients. The advantages that come with corporate banking include structured finance solutions and project finance advisory conforming to the shariah laws.

The Cloud Going Beyond The Contractarian Paradigm

Privacy in the Cloud: Going Beyond the Contractarian Paradigm Masooda N. Bashir, Jay P. Kesan, Carol M Hayes and Robert Zielinski 1. Citation Bashir, M, Hayes, C, Kesan, J Zielinski, R 2011, â€Å"Privacy in the Cloud: Going Beyond the Contractarian Paradigm†, Proceedings of the 2011 Workshop on Governance of Technology, Information, and Policies, pp. 21-27, December 2011 2. Purpose of the Article The purpose of the article is to provide a brief summary of cloud computing, a relatively new concept that has emerged with the increasing use of technology. In describing cloud computing, the article also informs the general public of its limited privacy and security levels, one of the main issues currently surrounding cloud computing. The article evaluates existing laws governing the privacy and security of the information and data of individuals, prompting readers to be more cautious in their use of the cloud. 3. Key Information 3.1 Cloud Computing Cloud computing is defined by the article as the use of various softwares (such as hardware, storage and systems software) based in large global data centres rather than in local servers in personal computers. Cloud computing is believed to provide a range of benefits such as increased flexibility, reliability, portability and efficiency. It will simplify devices as well as reduce costs and the time taken to complete tasks. However, at the same time, cloud computing gives rise to security, privacy and legal issues. Some of these

Louis Armstrong A Influential Artist - 2169 Words

Jens Bowler Amanda Morrill MUSC - 1236 14/11/2016 Louis Armstrong If one was to go out into the street, walked up to a random stranger and asked them if they knew who Louis Armstrong was, chances are that they would be able to answer you correctly. Louis Armstrong (Aug 4th, 1901 - Jul 6th, 1971) was an American trumpeter, composer, singer and occasional actor who became one of the most influential figures in jazz. His career spanned many decades, from the 1920s to his death in 1971, and many different eras in jazz. He first came to prominence in the 1920s as a trumpeter and cornet player with no technique as well as being very skilled in scat singing, Armstrong was a foundational influence in jazz, influencing many later jazz artists as well as shifting the focus of the music from collective improvisation to solo performance.With his very well-known and recognizable gravelly voice, a technique that was later named â€Å"crooning†, Armstrong was an incredibly influential singer, demonstrating great dexterity as an improviser by bending the l yrics and melody of a song for expressive purposes on demand. Renowned for his charming and incredibly charismatic stage presence and voice almost as much as for his trumpet and/or cornet playing, Armstrong s influence extends far beyond jazz music, and by the end of his career in the early 1970s at his death, he was widely regarded as a deep and profound influence on popular music in general. Armstrong was one of the first very popularShow MoreRelatedLouis Armstrong : The Greatest Jazz Artist1087 Words   |  5 PagesLouis â€Å"Satchmo† Armstrong One of the greatest in Jazz music history Louis Armstrong, a man of many talents and skills his occupation ranging from singer, film star, soloist, comedian, bandleader, and most importantly a jazz trumpeter with his thrilling performances; being recognized as one of the greatest jazz artist in history. Louis Armstrong is considered one of the most influential jazz artists capturing the people’s attention with his â€Å"daring trumpet style and vocals†. Developing his skillsRead MoreThe Most Influential Jazz Artists History And Thee Most Important Figure Essay1347 Words   |  6 Pages Louis Armstrong is to be considered one of the most influential jazz artists history and thee most important figure in jazz history. From the 1920’s all the way through the 1960’s, Armstrong had a very illustrious career. 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Business Ethics Case Study

Question: Discuss about theBusiness Ethics Case Study. Answer: Introduction: Utilitarianism Utilitarianism is a part of normative ethics that states that right action is the one that leads most good (Barrow, 2015). It is also known as The Greatest Happiness Principle, that is a form of consequentialism where the action is judged completely based on the consequences (Mulgan, 2014). The given case is an analysis to understand if the installation of the Defeat Device in the various models of Volkswagen diesel cars is a morally correct action. There are two scenarios here. The first is that the defeat device is never found or the device is discovered. The Effected Device is not found Satisfaction levels Device is found Satisfaction Levels Volkswagen The device installation is cheap and quick. The cars under production will not be effected. 4 All the cars would have to be called back The company would lose its reputation Legal actions would be taken against the company All other cars produced by the company may be questioned. Sales may reduce drastically -5 Employees The sales would be as expected Little or no change to their regular work 3 Everyone involved would be questioned. Potential threat to employment -3 Customers Each car would increase pollutants in the air, causing the customer to contaminate their own environment without their knowledge. 5 Customers will not trust the company. Raise legal action against the company -4 Shareholders of the company Would get a fraction of the possible profit through the new line of cars 3 Would have to sell of shares at loss or bare future losses to the company -3 Sales Offices Would sell a number of cars gaining commission 4 The customers would not trust the sales team anymore and this team would be the POC for angry customers -4 Environment Would be effected with the increasing pollutants and the cause would not be detected -4 Measures to stop the emissions would be taken protecting the environment 4 Other Diesel cars The VW cars would be a competition -2 All the cars emissions would also be questioned -4 Testing Commission The tests can be fooled -2 Changes to test methods need to be done -5 Net Happiness 11 -24 Ratings: -5: Totally upset -4: Gravely upset -3: Highly Upset -2: little upset -1: upset 0: No effect 1: No Happiness 2: Little Happiness 3: Content 4: High Happiness 5: Total Prosperity Under the increasing need to protect environment it is given that there are several environmental agencies that are making sure that car emissions do not affect the environment and hence discovering the device is bound to happen. Also from the above table it is clear that the happiness experienced due to sales of cars would clearly be overshadowed if the device is discovered and hence, it is not a good idea. Kantian Deontological Analysis Kantian deontology states that we are duty bound to the set of rules and principles that are laid down and hence have to act according to them regardless of the consequences (Bentham, 2014). As the manager of Volkswagen I am duty bound to report any errors that may occur in production of the cars. The ideal car emission levels are known and hence the company should make sure that the levels are maintained. Cheating an emission control test to ensure that the production of cars is interrupted is not only immoral but also illegal. If the device is fixed, it would have adverse effects on the environment which is already under grave threat. As a citizen of a country that is trying to protect the environment, I would have to strongly suggest the company against installation. Also, such actions threaten the reputation and sales of the company, which would again result in substantial financial and customer base loss which cannot be easily recovered. And the company would be tied up in legal actions, which may lead to halting production. I would hence, make sure that I gather reports on the consequences of the actions to help the company understand the issue and find ways to make the correct fix. However, after all the above is done and the company decides to go ahead with the installation, I would be duty bound to carry the orders of the company (Gray, 2012). Virtue Ethics Virtue ethics is a part of normative ethics that emphasize on virtue and character rather than on consequences or duty (Hursthouse, 2013). The case study is in regard to Jeff Morris who became a whistleblower along with a couple of his colleagues to expose the wrong doings of his then employer Common Wealth Bank of Australia. The act of whistleblowing itself takes a lot of courage and the confidence to stand up against an organization to act on what one believes as right. Jeff Morris has stood up against a commonwealth bank of Australia which is a well reputed organization and had been fighting for his clients since 2008. Such actions require great courage as Jeff has to take up the responsibility to face various consequences including legal issue that would arise from the same. Also, getting a job post an incident as such can be challenging, as Jeff was not loyal to his organization. Jeff was friendly with his clients and truthful even in grave situation and stood up for what he believed with great magnanimity. His ambition was straight forward as he wanted to ensure that no one would be effected by the improper financial advice provided by the company (Van, 2014). Hence Jeff Morris is a man of his virtue who believes in being loyal to his clients rather than the organization, having the courage to stand against the wrong doers and be truthful in his actions. Kohlbergs Theory of Moral Development Kohlbergs theory of moral development states that ethical behavior has six stages that can easily be identified, and each stage is has a clear picture of the ethical dilemma when compared to its predecessor (Kurtines, 2014). The most evident stages of moral development that can be clearly seen in case of the Jeff Morris are the authority and social order obedience driven stage and Social contract driven stage. The former states that the laws and social conventions are regarded as important and breaking the law is morally wrong while the latter states that perspectives of each person are different and ideas that do not promote greater happiness and general welfare have to be changed (Cherry, 2014). In case of Jeff Morris, when he discovered that the values of the commonwealth bank of Australia were working against the greater good he has made sure that the actions are curbed. Also, he believed that lawful action is required against such organizations to ensure further actions in the line do not happen by any other organization as well. A demand for royal commission into banks is being made to ensure that proper legal action and correction is taken into consideration. Hence, the four and the fifth stages of Kohlbergs theory of moral development can be clearly seen in the case of Jeff Morris. References Barrow, R. (2015). Utilitarianism: A contemporary statement. Routledge. Bentham, J. (2014). Deontology; or, The Science of Morality.: In two volumes. Adegi Graphics LLC. Cherry, K. (2014). Kohlberg's Theory of Moral DevelopmentStages of Moral Development. Gray, K., Schein, C. (2012). Two minds vs. two philosophies: Mind perception defines morality and dissolves the debate between deontology and utilitarianism. Review of Philosophy and Psychology, 3(3), 405-423. Hursthouse, R. (2013). Normative virtue ethics. ETHICA, 645. Kurtines, W. M., Gewirtz, J., Lamb, J. L. (2014). Handbook of Moral Behavior and Development: Volume 1: Theory. Psychology Press. Mulgan, T. (2014). Understanding utilitarianism. Routledge. Van Hooft, S. (2014). Understanding virtue ethics. Routledge.

Childhood Obesity in the Contemporary American Society

According to American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry report of 2008, obesity is an increased body mass resulting from fat accumulation in a child’s body, which may cause health dangers to the child. Recent living conditions have resulted to an increase in malnutrition disease. Among the children, obesity is one of health condition that has been caused by the lifestyle that people are continually adopting (American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 2008).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Childhood Obesity in the Contemporary American Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More To determine the whether a child is obese or not, there are some age expectations that are set and pegged to a certain age that a health child is likely to be having. If the child weight is higher than the given age, with a percentage of over 20% then to child is considered as obese. Child obesity has been o n the rise especially in modern societies where eating habits have changed. The medical condition can be prevented through simple practices and changing of eating habits (McNair, 2009). Children obesity statistics The Unites States of America is believed to be having the highest number of obese children; health officials have observed that there are 23million obese or overweight children in the country, the obese children falls in the ages of between of two years and nineteen years (World Health Organization, 2011). Obese children are not healthy and are at the risk of developing diseases later in life or at tender age. According to CRC Health Group website 2000, 19% of children aged between the ages of 2-11 were obese and 17 % of those aged 12-17 years were obese (Institute of Medicine, 2004). In the world ranking, united states records the highest number of obese children in the world. Between 1999 and 2004, the rate of child obesity has increased for 15.1 to 18.1%; these are chil dren of the ages 6-11. According to institute of medicine report published in 2005, it was estimated that there are approximately 9 million children in United States. The concern for the increase was brought about by increase in diseases that are related to the condition among them diabetes type two. The reports blame parents of lack of control over their children habits but were quick to point out the influence that junk food joint have on the children (Waters, Seidell Swinburn, 2010). Causes of obesity among the Americans A number of factors can be blamed for the occurrence of obesity in children; there is no one single thing that can be blamed on an individual however in most cases, the condition appear when two or more such factors play their role, the following are the main factors:Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Genetic and hormonal McNair, 2009, states that pe ople have different biological making; genetic and hormonal factors influences how bodies accumulate fats on the body; where some people have the tendency of accumulating more fat than other peoples accumulate. When child has a higher tendency of fat accumulation, then chances of becoming obese are high. This cause is the hardest to control however if parents act consciously of this factor, then they can check foods taken by a child to reduce chances of obesity in their children. Familial and nutritional Closely related to genetic factors, some families have the tendency of accumulating more fat than others accumulate, as much as this may be from biological making, it has been influenced greatly by the behavior within a family. Obesity can be seen to run down a family, because of diet and nutritional issues in the family setting. If a family engages in inappropriate eating habits, then children in the family are likely to suffer from obesity (Paxton, 2006). Psychological and physiol ogical factors Children as they grow develop some food likings, when they have the cash to buy the foods, then they are likely to eat junk that might cause a higher consumption of fats causing obesity. Lifestyle adopted by modern children Modern foods, mostly junk foods are freely available for children; this has resulted to a changed eating habits to such foods that increasing the rate of child obesity. In the United States, there are a number of junk foods outlets where children can buy junk food with or without their parents (Ben-Sefer, Ben-Natan Ehrenfeld, 2009). On the other hand, children are now engaging more in in-house games using computers, video games, and television, they do not have the chance to exercise their body and muscles, and this increases their chances of being obese since they do not burn calories they have consumed (Bascetta, 2005). Dangers brought about by obesity According to Paxton, Donahue, Orlean and Grisso, 2006, there are different dangers that come w ith being obese; when a child has a lot of fat deposit in the body, there is a lot of sodium deposited in the body. The resultant is an increased blood volume that increases the rate of blood pressure; increased blood pressure force the heart to work harder a factor that is likely to cause high blood pressure. Children suffering from high blood pressure have their life hampered as they can hardly enjoy their childhood, youthfulness and sometimes it has an effect in adult life.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Childhood Obesity in the Contemporary American Society specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More When the body has excess fat deposits, there is a high resistance to insulin. When this happens, the body lacks the energy that it requires to maintain at equilibrium. The resultant is type 2 diabetes; diabetes is one of the most dangerous diseases that the world is trying to fight, it is a disease that cannot be cured through managed through daily injections. When there is heavy weight exerted joint and cartilage, there are high chances that the weight will lead to Osteoarthritis, and this offers lifelong complications. The worst medical condition that a person develops from being obese is cancer (Paxton, Donahue, Orleans, Grisso, 2006). Measures that the United States can take to reverse the obesity trends within their country It is better to prevent than cure, obesity can be prevented in the county through the intervention of policy makers, parents and other stakeholders. To address the issue of obesity in the society, the county health department has the role of enforcing rules and regulations as well as creating awareness to the people on how they can change their eating habits for the benefits of their children. The country should ensure that children have enough playing ground, at school or village level so as they can use plays to exercise their bodies. Parents and junk food joints should be held responsible of children health; this can be through regulations that control advertisement of junk foods in the county and ensuring fresh and health foods are sold in the joints (Koplan, Liverman, Kraak, 2005) Every country should have a legislation that aimed at addressing the issue of obesity; it should; Parent’s sensitization on good feeding process to their children, this will be offended in pregnancy clinic where feeding mechanisms of a child before birth and after both will be advocated. Creating awareness on the dangers brought about by being obese, both children and adults obesity: knowledge is power thus when embarked on, it is likely to make people change their behavior Develop guiding brochures to be given alongside birth notification certificate to newborn. The brochures will advise the parent on right feeding process that he should adopt; the material offered should be a method of aggressive anti-obese campaigns Incorporate obesity cases in heal th insurance policies: this will assist the country suffering population to get proper medical attention for general improvement of their conditions To attain the above objectives, there is need for corporation among all stakeholders involved. Parents should be given the mandate of ensuring that theory children are fed in the right way, they should ensure that food eaten by a child whether when with the parent or not is the right kind (Koplan, 2007). Conclusion Children obesity continues to be a challenge to the Americans; to get a remedy for the disease, the government, parents, communities, and patients should join efforts and promote healthy eating habits. At all lengths, junk foods and foods with high fat /oil contents should be avoided; the government has the role of controlling fast food and restaurants businesses. Outdoor activities should also be promoted to ensure that children use the calories they consume in foods. Parents should train their children right eating habits from infancy.Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More References American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. (2008). Obesity in children and teens. Web. Bascetta, C. (2005). Childhood Obesity: Most Experts Identified Physical Activity and The Use of Best Practices as Key to Successful Programs. Boston: DIANE Publishing. Ben-Sefer, E., Ben-Natan, M., Ehrenfeld, M. (2009). Childhood obesity: current literature, policy and implications for practice. International Nursing Review, 56(2), 166-173. Koplan, J. (2007). Progress in preventing childhood: How do we measure up? New York: National Academies Press. Koplan, J., Liverman, C., Kraak, V. (2005). Preventing Childhood Obesity: Health in The Balance. New York: National Academies Press. McNair, T. (2009). Childhood obesity. BBC Corporation. Web. Paxton, C., Donahue, E. Orleans, T., Grisso, J. (2006). Why should we care about?  childhood obesity? Web. Paxton, C. (2006). Childhood Obesity: The Future of Children. New York: Brookings Institutions Press. Waters, E. Seidell, J Swinb urn, B. (2010). Preventing Childhood Obesity: Evidence  Policy and Practice. New York: John Wiley and Sons. World Health Organization. (2011). Global strategy on diet, physical activity and health. Web. This research paper on Childhood Obesity in the Contemporary American Society was written and submitted by user Harmony Stone to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Biological Components of Mental Illness Essay Example

Biological Components of Mental Illness Essay Example Biological Components of Mental Illness Paper Biological Components of Mental Illness Paper Mental illness is a term used to describe many different disorders of the mind. Of all the factors that may cause or contribute to mental illness, the biological components are among the most accepted. It is the basis of much of the treatments used to combat and treat mental illness. This does not mean all mental illness can be explained by biological means but a vast majority can be traced to some type of biological component. Contrary to what many people believe, alcohol and drugs do not cause someone to be biologically vulnerable to mental illness. Drugs and alcohol can, however, trigger or exacerbate the symptoms in someone who already is biologically predisposed. There are many different biological components to mental illness: Genetics-susceptibility to mental illness is passed though the genes. Infections or Toxins- syphilis and lead have both been proven to damage the brain. Brain defects or injury- These can be at birth or through accident and are on certain parts of the brain. Prenatal damage-such as lack of oxygen or distruption of brain development while in the womb. Poor nutrition and neglect during the formative years can also have an effect on the brain’s development or manner of processing information. Outside events can sometimes cause changes in the brain to cause someone to be biologically vulnerable to mental illness. Trauma such as abuse or Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), can cause changes in the brain, as well. It may be in the way the brain develops or the way it processes information, but these changes can lead to mental illness in many people. In the nineteenth century, as progress was made in understanding medical disorders in terms of physical pathology, abnormal behaviour was viewed as reflecting brain pathology. A key discovery was the identification in 1913 of the microorganism Treponema pallidum as the cause of syphilis (and thus general paresis of the insane), supporting the theory of biological causes of mental illness.   (Freeman, 1999, p. 173) Certain infections have been linked to brain damage and the development of mental illness or the worsening of its symptoms. For example, a condition known as pediatric autoimmune neuropsychiatric disorder (PANDA) associated with the Streptococcus bacteria has been linked to the development of obsessive-compulsive disorder and other mental illnesses in children. Genetic factor studies have indicated trophic factors are proteins that stimulate growth, activity, and survival. Neurotrophic factors, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), were first noted for their ability to promote growth and survival in neurons during early development. However, neurotrophic factors are now known to play an active role in the adult brain, and to have an effect on a variety of more subtle cellular functions aside from cell survival. BDNF itself is now assumed to be involved in a variety of brain functions, including memory formation and affective state. (Fisher Greenberg, 1989, p. 45)

Criminal Theories Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Criminal Theories - Essay Example The difficulty in committing the crime also counts, as well as whether the rewards are worth the effort and even the best place to commit the crime, within his neighborhood or elsewhere. If the risks perceived are small, the rewards and excitement high, the criminal gains the likelihood of committing the crime again. On the other hand, if the risks outweigh the rewards, the offender foregoes the crime: if they have a good chance of apprehension, the fear of punishment or consequences, damage to their reputation and feelings of guilt or shame (Cole, Smith and DeJong 64). Other evaluations include familiarity with the target and how easy it is to commit the crime. In this theory, the criminal uses opportunistic everyday routines that involve the family such as shopping, work, leisure, and schooling. These, together with factors such as lack of a guardian, the presence of a target and the motivated criminal are the context for criminal opportunities (Siegel 71). The guardian’s presence would deter potential offenders from committing the crime for instance door staff, security guards, police patrols, neighbors, and friends. The target should be accessible and may include an expensive car, goods that can be easily moved or expensive jewelry, while the offender may be an addict, teenage boys or unemployed people. These three elements must be present within a routine activity for crime to take place (Schmalleger 182). For instance, many homes are left unguarded during the day, making them targets of crime. The possibility of a crime being committed by the motivated offender increases when there are an accessible target and the absence of a c apable guardian.

The value of nursing leadership to healthcare reform Scholarship Essay

The value of nursing leadership to healthcare reform - Scholarship Essay Example These factors hold good whether the reform takes place in the public or private sector, and whether it takes place in a service or manufacturing industry/area. As can be seen from the above section, the change process requires leadership from all levels of the organization including physicians, top management, nursing staff, and other sections of service providers in the healthcare sector. This paper reviews the concept of nursing leadership in the context of healthcare reforms. It is felt that developing leadership among nurses is important since they play an important role in healthcare. It is these employees who have the closest association with patients and are responsible for implementing any reforms that are implemented for their (patient’s) benefit. In the process, the paper will review the concepts of leadership (in nursing) reform/ change management, and how it can be applied to the nursing sector. The area of study (through review of literature) will be the healthcar e reforms in the United States. Leadership in the nursing industry – a brief review: The problem within an organization is to identify and develop leadership qualities among its employees at different levels. The problem with the nursing sector was that they are seen as submissive to the demands put forward by their hierarchical superiors and the demands of the patients (Ivanov & Blue, 2008, 19). With such behviours engrained into the profession, it would be a challenge to develop competent nurse leaders even in a status quo situation. It becomes more challenging when reforms are involved. Secondly, the nursing profession has been plagued by a command and control style according to Moss (2005, 80). In effect, an autocratic style of leadership is exhibited by nursing managers towards their subordinates. The author is of the opinion that this creates an atmosphere that is not conducive to development of leadership within the profession. What is required is a participative or tr ansformational approach by the leader who is attuned to the sensitivities of their subordinates and patients. They should also be receptive to new ideas whether it is provided by superiors or subordinates. The advantage here is that subordinates will have a sense of fulfillment and will become willing participants in the reform process. More on leadership styles and its impact on the nursing leadership concept will be given in later sections of this paper. The third major challenge, especially in the United States is severe shortage of qualified nurses. According to some studies, a shortage of forty thousand to one million nurses will be experienced in the healthcare sector in the country by 2020. It can be said that these are the main challenges to developing effective nursing leadership. Healthcare reform in nursing: Nursing is all about caring and the profession should develop a humanistic approach with regard to patients, other staff members, the organization and the community ( Marshall & Coughlin, 2011, 185). Healthcare reforms usually focus on streamlining the affordability of healthcare, insurance issues, and solving the problems associated with Medicare and Medicaid (through reduced government spending), these does not directly affect the nursing profession at the grassroots level. These are basically administrative, social, and financial issues and nursing professionals have to implement the statutes and guidelines that are brought about

Class Inequalities in Health

Class Inequalities in Health The Black Report (Black et al, 1980) was commissioned in 1977 by the Labour Secretary of State. Though there had always been a public concern about social class difference and mortality, it was the first ever review of the Health of Britains working age population. The initial purpose of the report was to measure the impact of ill health within the workforce (Macintyre, 1997). However, the report shocked the government by revealing a clear correlation between ill heath and lower social class. Conversely these inequalities have been widening rather than diminishing since the establishment of the National Health Service (NHS) (Gray, 1982). This essay is going to focus on the main factors behind class inequalities that the Black Report identified and how relevant this report is today. The Black Report identified a relationship between social class and ill health, life expectancy and infant mortality rates. The persistence of these inequalities has become the subject of continuing debate. The Black report identified four different possible explanations; artefact, social selection, cultural and material. The artefact explanation considers the existence of health inequalities as simply an artefact of the measurement system used. According to this theory any variance in health within social classes will depend on how both health and class are measured (McIntyre, 1997). However, these inequalities are often still present even when different techniques are employed when measuring social class. It is thought, if anything, that the statistics may in fact under report the extent of class and health inequalities (Kirby et al. 1997). The second explanation for these health inequalities is social selection. This theory speculates that people with ill health will generally decrease in social status while a fit and healthy person would be more likely to advance social class (Maguire, 2010). This combined effect contributes to the evident health inequalities. Within this idea a distinction between direct and indirect health selection has been made. Direct is where health alone is attributed to social mobility whereas indirect is where another quality is involved with the mobility process (Wilkinson, 1987, Platt, 2006) Few supporters of this extreme view can be found. Though ill health may have an effect on social mobility, it is often too small to account for any significant health difference (Wilkinson, 1996). Townsend and Davison (1990) also found that relatively few sick professionals experience downward occupational changes. However, as regards the social selections importance as an explanation of health inequali ties it appears to play a small but yet still significant role (Platt, 2006). The two remaining (cultural and material) explanations of health inequalities have received considerable attention. The cultural explanation proposes that members of lower social classes often choose less healthy lifestyles (smoking, eating larger quantities of fatty foods and participating in less exercise) compared to members of middle or upper class groups, thus resulting in comparatively ill health. However, similar patterns in ill health can also be found within people who follow a relatively healthy lifestyle. Though it cant be disputed that there is a correlation between a less healthy lifestyle choice and ill health, it cannot be considered the full explanation for the presence of health inequalities (Townsend and Davison, 1990, Pratt 2006) The final factor behind inequalities in health identified by the Black Report is material. This explanation highlights the role of economic factors in the distribution of ill health. Within this it is thought that members of lower social groups face material constraints and poor living conditions which prevent them from living a healthy lifestyle. These material constraints include poverty, bad housing, low income and a lack of health and educational resources. This theory coincides with Wilkinsons (1997) argument that Poverty is the most important determinant of health. The material explanation does account for a significant amount of the inequality between social classes, possibly more so than the other explanations, but once again it cannot account for all. The Black Report clearly identified many shortcomings within healthcare. It is also apparent that each of the four factors previously identified play a role in explaining the presence of these health inequalities, though some play a more significant role than others. Due to the change to a Conservative government at the time the report was published it was released quietly (only 450 copies available) with the hope it would go unnoticed (Abercrombie and Ward, 2000). This meant that it was many years until any action was taken. In 1987 the Health Education Council (HEC) commissioned the Health Divide. This report was concerned with measuring the current health inequalities and to determine what progress had been made since the Black Report was published 7 years previously. Like the Black Report the findings emphasized the link between ill health and social class and identified that the gap between social classes had widened. More recently in 1997 Labour commissioned the Acheson report (Acheson, 1998) which was an independent inquiry into health inequalities (Abercrombie and Ward, 2000). Similar to the Health Divide, the Acheson Reports findings mirrored those of the Black report. These included rates of long term illness (e.g heart disease and strokes) in 45-64 year olds being 17% in members of upper class groups compared to 48% in lower socioeconomic groups. These results once again indicate a considerable social class health inequality that is still widening (Davey et al, 1990). Also these results agreed with the fourth explanation within the Black report (material) as poverty was identified as the main cause of social inequality. It is clear that over the last thirty years social inequalities within health has been a major issue. Since these reports were issued reversing this trend of health inequalities has been a high priority on the government agenda (Abercrombie Ward, 2000). Who are committed to lower these inequalities (Department of Health, 2004). Unfortunately, even with all the actions that have been taken the gap between social groups is thought to have worsened (Sim and Mackie, 2006, Davey, 1990).

Abraham Lincoln Essay -- Biography Biographies Bio

Abraham Lincoln   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809 in Kentucky. When he was two, the Lincoln’s moved a few miles to another farm on the old Cumberland Trail. A year later, his mother gave birth to another boy, Thomas, but he died a few days later. When Lincoln was seven his family moved to Indiana. In 1818, Lincoln’s mother died from a deadly disease called the â€Å"milk-sick.† Then ten years later his sister died and left him with only his father and stepmother.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lincoln traveled to New Salem in April 1831 and settled there the following July. In the fall of 1836 he and Mrs. Bennett Abell had a deal that if she brought her single sister to New Salem he had to promise to marry her. When she arrived he was not to pleased with her because her skin was full of fat. Around seven months later he asked Mrs. Orville Browning to marry him but she said no. Lincoln met his wife to be, Mary Todd, at the grand cotillion in honor of the completion of the new capital building in 1839. They got engaged and a while later he broke off the engagement because she was seeing other men. Around a year later in Springfield on November 4, 1842 Abraham and Mary got married. In 1844, Abraham and his wife were able to purchase their own house in Springfield. It was a one-and-a-half story frame cottage. In May 1843, the Lincoln’s had a son and named him Robert, after the addition to the family they made the house a full two story house. Lincoln had three more sons Edward Baker, William Wallace, and Thomas. Edward died at the age of three, the cause of death was either consumption or pulmonary tuberculosis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1832 Lincoln announced himself a candidate for the state legislature but he was defeated. Then a year later he was appointed postmaster of New Salem and in the fall he became deputy county surveyor. He really wanted a seat in the Illinois legislature so he ran again and was elected with bipartisan support.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lincoln was very interested in being a lawyer, he would walk fifteen miles just to watch the court cases in Boonville, Indiana. Lincoln got a license to practice law after several hard years of teaching himself. By the early 1850s, the Lincoln-Herndon law office had become a leading Springfield firm.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Chairman of the Senate’s Committee on Territories, Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois came out with a new congr... ... was shot and killed by federal troops who cornered him in a burning barn near Port Royal, Virginia. Seven men and one woman were arrested as accomplices to Booth. Herold, Paine, and Atzerodt were the most active accomplices and were sentenced to death by hanging. O’Laughlin, Arnold, Dr. Mudd were unjustly accused with helping plan the murder, but got life sentences. Edman Spangler got six years and Mary Surratt was sentenced to death for having Booth’s riffle waiting for him that night. On July 7, the three men and one woman were hung.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lincoln did not stay buried at the Oak Ridge Cemetery. His body was kidnapped by a band of ransom-hungry grave robbers, therefore, his body was moved around for the next 36 years. Lincoln was then buried at a spacious memorial of eight acres but grave robbers struck again and as the coffin was half out the police showed up. Under Robert Lincoln’s instructions a hole thirteen feet deep was dug below the main catacomb floor, a four-foot base of cement was laid and an iron cage sunk into it. The coffin would be lowered into the cage and cement poured, creating a block eight feet deep. Finally, Abraham Lincoln can rest in peace. Abraham Lincoln Essay -- Biography Biographies Bio Abraham Lincoln   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Abraham Lincoln was born on February 12, 1809 in Kentucky. When he was two, the Lincoln’s moved a few miles to another farm on the old Cumberland Trail. A year later, his mother gave birth to another boy, Thomas, but he died a few days later. When Lincoln was seven his family moved to Indiana. In 1818, Lincoln’s mother died from a deadly disease called the â€Å"milk-sick.† Then ten years later his sister died and left him with only his father and stepmother.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lincoln traveled to New Salem in April 1831 and settled there the following July. In the fall of 1836 he and Mrs. Bennett Abell had a deal that if she brought her single sister to New Salem he had to promise to marry her. When she arrived he was not to pleased with her because her skin was full of fat. Around seven months later he asked Mrs. Orville Browning to marry him but she said no. Lincoln met his wife to be, Mary Todd, at the grand cotillion in honor of the completion of the new capital building in 1839. They got engaged and a while later he broke off the engagement because she was seeing other men. Around a year later in Springfield on November 4, 1842 Abraham and Mary got married. In 1844, Abraham and his wife were able to purchase their own house in Springfield. It was a one-and-a-half story frame cottage. In May 1843, the Lincoln’s had a son and named him Robert, after the addition to the family they made the house a full two story house. Lincoln had three more sons Edward Baker, William Wallace, and Thomas. Edward died at the age of three, the cause of death was either consumption or pulmonary tuberculosis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In 1832 Lincoln announced himself a candidate for the state legislature but he was defeated. Then a year later he was appointed postmaster of New Salem and in the fall he became deputy county surveyor. He really wanted a seat in the Illinois legislature so he ran again and was elected with bipartisan support.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lincoln was very interested in being a lawyer, he would walk fifteen miles just to watch the court cases in Boonville, Indiana. Lincoln got a license to practice law after several hard years of teaching himself. By the early 1850s, the Lincoln-Herndon law office had become a leading Springfield firm.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Chairman of the Senate’s Committee on Territories, Stephen A. Douglas of Illinois came out with a new congr... ... was shot and killed by federal troops who cornered him in a burning barn near Port Royal, Virginia. Seven men and one woman were arrested as accomplices to Booth. Herold, Paine, and Atzerodt were the most active accomplices and were sentenced to death by hanging. O’Laughlin, Arnold, Dr. Mudd were unjustly accused with helping plan the murder, but got life sentences. Edman Spangler got six years and Mary Surratt was sentenced to death for having Booth’s riffle waiting for him that night. On July 7, the three men and one woman were hung.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lincoln did not stay buried at the Oak Ridge Cemetery. His body was kidnapped by a band of ransom-hungry grave robbers, therefore, his body was moved around for the next 36 years. Lincoln was then buried at a spacious memorial of eight acres but grave robbers struck again and as the coffin was half out the police showed up. Under Robert Lincoln’s instructions a hole thirteen feet deep was dug below the main catacomb floor, a four-foot base of cement was laid and an iron cage sunk into it. The coffin would be lowered into the cage and cement poured, creating a block eight feet deep. Finally, Abraham Lincoln can rest in peace.

“What is right and wrong?” and “What is Truth?”

Life is characterized by many situations that require decision making, especially on moral grounds. The issue of what makes an action right and wrong has been studied for a lengthy period of time and several theories developed to address this issue. Socrates and Aristotle are some of the early philosophers who came up with theories about the rightness or wrongness of actions. As noted by Warnek (2005), Socrates considered self-knowledge as necessity of life and also, an important ingredient to success. Socrates stated that every individual needs to attain self-knowledge which is acquired by studying every fact necessary for existence. Socrates believed that by possessing knowledge about what is right, individuals are most likely to perform good deeds and that the bad deeds in the society come from those who are ignorant of what is right and wrong. Socrates proposed that, by being aware of the spiritual and mental consequences of wrong actions, no individual would even consider engaging in such actions. According to Socrates, any individual who is aware of a truly right action will automatically choose it over the wrong one. Aristotle on the other hand stated that all humans have physical, emotional and rational natures. Of the three, Aristotle considered the rational nature as not only being the most important of the three but also uniquely human and fundamental to philosophical self-awareness. Aristotle encouraged moderation and regarded extreme actions as being immoral and degrading. For instance, recklessness and cowardice are extreme virtues of courage. Therefore, According to Aristotle, humans should strive to live well by letting their actions be governed by moderate virtues. He further stated that this way of life can be achieved by choosing the right things in life at the right time and place. The ethical theories associated with the modern era include consequentialism and deontology. Consequentialism is made up of moral theories that propose that the rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by the outcome or the consequences of the act (Darwall, 2003). Thus, from the perspective of a consequentialist, a morally right act is one that results in a positive or good outcome. Consequentialist theories put a lot of weight on outcomes when assessing the rightness or wrongness of actions. Generally, according to consequentialists, consequences always outweigh all other considerations when determining right and wrong. Most of the consequentialist theories generally address issues like consequences considered as good, the main beneficiaries of moral actions, the mode or judging consequences, and who is to judge them. Consequentialism can be categorized according to the consequences that matter most. For example, hedonistic utilitarianists propose that good or the right actions are those that result in increments of pleasure, and the best actions are those that result in the most pleasure. The other category is that of eudaimonic consequentialism, who believe that the right action is one that ultimately aims at making an individual achieve a flourishing and full life (Darwall, 2003). Similarly, the consequence that matters most to aesthetic consequentialists is beauty and there are numerous other consequentialist theories that regard different things to be of uttermost importance. Deontologists differ from consequentialists in that, unlike consequentialists who examine the consequences when seeking to determine the rights and wrongs, deontologists examine the virtue of the act. Thus, according to deontologists, an act can be right even if it results in negative or bad consequences. Immanuel Kant is among the individuals who adopted the deontology when coming up with theories addressing righteousness and wrongness (Brooks & Dunn, 2009). Kant argues that individuals must act according to their duties if their actions are to be considered right and also that it is the motives of the individual carrying out the act that are the primary determinants of the rightness or wrongness of their actions. Postmodern ethics however approaches this issue from a different perspective. According to postmodernists, the world is full of rationality and if one is to determine the rightness or wrongness of an action, the individual would first have to study the complex situations surrounding the action. Thus, according to postmodernism, an idea cannot be simply regarded as right or wrong and there are no moral absolutes. For instance, if one were to find oneself in the Second World War, hiding a Jew in his or her house and a Nazi solder knocks on the individual’s door and asks the individual if he or she has any Jews in his or her house, would it be right or wrong to tell the truth knowing that his or her answer will determine if the Jew lives or not? Such an issue presents a complex moral dilemma given that it is wrong to tell a lie about the Jew being in the house but at the ame time, it is still wrong to let an innocent individual be killed when it can be prevented. For a long time now, individuals have utilized dilemmas like the one stated above to argue that there are no moral absolutes. The above situation is an example that one can use to argue that lying is not always wrong and that in such complex dilemmas, the right thing to do is determined by the act that results in a greater good. Most individuals in the world today embrace reality and argue that ethics is relative to individuals, time and the culture of the individuals. It is with such arguments that the world today is presented with numerous disagreements about issues like abortion, the death sentence, pre-marital sex and gay rights, to mention but a few. Most individuals have different views when it comes to interpreting the rightness or wrongness of some controversial issues such as the above mentioned. What is truth? The definition of truth may be simple but its interpretation is complex and just like the question of what is right and wrong, varies from individual to individual. A basic definition of truth is that it is that which is agrees with reality, actuality or simply, a fact (Rappaport, 1999). One way to approach the definition of truth is by considering that all the perspectives of approaching truth are equally valid and that truth is relative to an individual. This perspective that bases truth on realism is however faulty given the contradictions surrounding relativity. For instance, what is true to one person is not always true to another as shown by the contradiction between religious truths. Christians believe that Jesus is the son of God and the Messiah; a view Muslims do not agree with. This is not to imply that there are no absolute truths. An example of a sentence of absolutely truth is that, ‘something cannot create itself. ’ Logically, the thing would first have to be present if it is to possess the ability to create and if it already exists, then how would it create itself? The above example is truth based on logic but there are truths that cannot be logically explained for instance, stating that an individual truly loves another. It can be very difficult to use the theories of logic to explain the individual’s feelings. From the above examples, it can be concluded that truth is that which obeys the rules of logic and reality, or any of the two. Realism, to a certain degree agrees with logic and truth and therefore presents the best approach towards the determination of truth. To adopt a relative perspective however, individuals must be ready to acknowledge that a statement regarded as being true by one individual may not be acceptable by another.

The Greatest Man That Ever Lived Essay - 733 Words

The Greatest Man that Ever Lived Everyone has a hero in their lives, someone who they look up to: someone very special. This person plays a very important role in your life. As a child, this person teaches you an array of life lessons that stick with you throughout your whole life, from learning how to walk to buying your first home, this special person guides you in all aspects of life. Throughout your journey in life, this idol’s experience and intelligence are the epitome of persona of which you desire as this mentor continues to bestow their wisdom. As life progresses, this is the person that you long to be at all your special events. The day that they are absent, you ache for their presence to share the occasion with; they are the†¦show more content†¦He tutored me throughout grade school, showing me how to overcome the most impervious problems that tend to multiply as you get older. It seemed as if my grandfather knew everything, and there was nothing that I couldn’t overcome with his gu idance. To me, he was the most knowledgeable man who ever walked the face of the earth. As I grew older, my grandfather played many roles in my life as a counselor, adviser, and continued to be a mentor to me. Whenever I had a problem or needed someone to talk to, my grandfather would be the first person that came to mind. When I bought my first car, he gave me pointers on key deciding factors such as type of vehicle, fuel efficiency, capabilities, engine size, and four-wheel drive versus two-wheel drive. Whenever I had issues with girlfriends, my grandfather always knew the right thing to say. I always relied on my grandfather for nearly everything. At my graduations and special events, he was the one that I wanted to be there the most to make him proud and see the joy in his face when he smiles at me. He showed me how to enjoy life, and how to deal with life’s complications. 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